Well abandonment is a critical process within the oil and gas industry that involves permanently sealing and decommissioning wells that are no longer productive or economically viable. It is a necessary step to ensure the safety of the environment, protect groundwater resources, and minimize potential hazards. Well abandonment typically occurs when a well reaches the end of its operational life or when it is deemed uneconomical to continue production.

The process of well abandonment involves several key steps. First, the well is thoroughly cleaned and cleared of any residual fluids and equipment. Next, cement plugs or mechanical barriers are installed to isolate different zones within the wellbore, preventing the migration of fluids or gases.